July 16
From Open Encyclopedia
July 16 is the 197th day (198th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 168 days remaining.
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Events
- 622 - The Prophet Mohammed begins his Hijra from Mecca to Medina. This marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
- 1661 - The first banknotes in Europe are issued by the Bank of Stockholm.
- 1769 - Father Junipero Serra founds Mission San Diego de Alcalá, the first mission in California. The mission later evolves into the city of San Diego.
- 1779 - American Revolutionary War: United States forces led by General Anthony Wayne capture Stony Point, New York from British troops.
- 1782 - First performance of Mozart's opera The Abduction from the Seraglio.
- 1783 - Grants of land in Canada to American United Empire Loyalists are announced.
- 1790 - The signing of the Residence Bill establishes a site along the Potomac River as the District of Columbia (seat of government).
- 1862 - American Civil War: David G. Farragut becomes the first United States Navy rear admiral.
- 1880 - Dr. Emily Howard Stowe becomes the first woman licenced to practice medicine in Canada.
- 1918 - Russian Revolution: At Ekaterinburg, Bolsheviks execute Czar Nicholas II of Russia and his family.
- 1930 - Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia signs the first constitution of Ethiopia.
- 1942 - Holocaust: The Vichy France government headed by Pierre Laval orders French police officers to round up 13,000-20,000 Jews and imprison them in the Winter Velodrome.
- 1945 - Manhattan Project: The Atomic Age begins when the United States successfully detonates a plutonium-based test nuclear weapon at the Trinity site near Alamogordo, New Mexico.
- 1951 - The novel Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger published.
- 1951 - King Léopold III of Belgium abdicates in favour of his son, Baudouin I of Belgium, to avoid internal social strife.
- 1957 - United States Marine Major John Glenn flies a F8U supersonic jet from California to New York in 3 hours, 23 minutes and 8 seconds setting a new transcontinental speed record.
- 1963 - Timothy Leary takes LSD for the first time.
- 1965 - The Mont Blanc Tunnel linking France with Italy opens.
- 1969 - Apollo program: Apollo 11 launches from Cape Kennedy, Florida and will become the first manned space mission to land on the moon.
- 1973 - Watergate Scandal: Former White House aide Alexander P. Butterfield informs the United States Senate committee investigating scandal that President Richard Nixon had secretly recorded potentially incriminating conversations.
- 1979 - Iraqi President Hasan al-Bakr resigns and is replaced by Saddam Hussein.
- 1983 - Sikorsky S-61 disaster: helicopter crash off the Isles of Scilly, causing 20 fatalities.
- 1990 - In the Philippines, an earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter Scale kills over 1600.
- 1993 - Slackware 1.00 is released.
- 1994 - The planet Jupiter is hit by fragments of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet.
- 1994 - The civil war in Rwanda comes to an end.
- 1997 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average gains 63.17 to close at 8,038.88, closing above 8,000 for the first time.
- 1999 - John F. Kennedy Jr., his wife Carolyn Bessette Kennedy, and sister-in-law Lauren Bessette are killed in a plane crash off the coast of Martha's Vineyard. The Piper Saratoga aircraft was piloted by Kennedy Jr.
- 1999 - Star Wars Episode 1: The Phantom Menace is released in the United Kingdom.
- 1999 - First game at Bears and Eagles Riverfront Stadium in Newark, New Jersey.
- 2001 - The FBI arrests Dmitry Sklyarov at a convention in Las Vegas, Nevada for violating a provision of the DMCA.
- 2003 - The Corsicans reject a referendum for increased autonomy from France by a very thin majority: 50.98 percent against, and 49.02 percent for.
- 2004 - Millennium Park, considered the first and most ambitious architectural project in the early 21st century for Chicago, Illinois, is opened to the public by Mayor of Chicago Richard M. Daley.
- 2004 - Barclays Bank freezes the bank accounts of the British National Party.
- 2004 - A fire at a private school in Kumbakonam, India kills over 80 people.
- 2005 - Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince, the sixth in J.K. Rowling's hugely popular Harry Potter series, is published in English-speaking countries.
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Births
- 1194 - Clare of Assisi, Italian follower of Francis of Assisi (d. 1253)
- 1486 - Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (d. 1530)
- 1611 - Cecylia Renata, Queen of Poland
- 1714 - Marc René, marquis de Montalembert, French military engineer and writer (d. 1800)
- 1722 - Joseph Wilton, English sculptor (d. 1803)
- 1723 - Joshua Reynolds, English painter (d. 1792)
- 1796 - Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, French painter (d. 1875)
- 1821 - Mary Baker Eddy, American religious leader (d. 1910)
- 1862 - Ida B. Wells, American journalist and anti-lynching crusader (d. 1931)
- 1872 - Roald Amundsen, Norwegian explorer (d. 1928)
- 1888 - Percy Kilbride, American actor (d. 1964)
- 1888 - Frits Zernike, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)
- 1889 - Shoeless Joe Jackson, American baseball player (d. 1951)
- 1889 - Larry Semon, comedian (d. 1928)
- 1896 - Trygve Lie, first United Nations Secretary General (d. 1968)
- 1896 - Evelyn Preer, American actress (d. 1932)
- 1902 - Alexander Luria, Russian psychologist (d. 1977)
- 1903 - Carmen Lombardo, Canadian singer, saxophonist, composer, and arranger (d. 1971)
- 1903 - Mary Philbin, American actress (d. 1993)
- 1906 - Vincent Sherman, American director
- 1907 - Orville Redenbacher, American farmer and businessman (d. 1995)
- 1907 - Barbara Stanwyck, American actress (d. 1990)
- 1911 - Ginger Rogers, American actress and dancer (d. 1995)
- 1911 - Sonny Tufts, American actor (d. 1970)
- 1919 - Choi Kyuha, President of South Korea
- 1924 - Bess Myerson, American beauty queen and television personality
- 1925 - Cal Tjader, American musician (d. 1982)
- 1926 - Irwin Rose, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- 1932 - Richard Thornburgh, American politician
- 1939 - Mariele Ventre, Italian choir director (d. 1995)
- 1941 - Desmond Dekker, Jamaican reggae and ska singer/songwriter
- 1942 - Margaret Smith Court, Australian tennis player
- 1945 - Victor Sloan, Irish visual artist
- 1946 - Ron Yary, American football player
- 1947 - Assata Shakur, American activist
- 1948 - Rubén Blades, Panamanian actor, musician, and politician
- 1948 - Pinchas Zukerman, Israeli violinist
- 1952 - Stewart Copeland, American musician
- 1956 - Tony Kushner, American playwright
- 1957 - Alexandra Marinina, Russian writer
- 1958 - Pierre Roland Renoir, Canadian artist
- 1959 - Gary Anderson, South African-born American football player
- 1963 - Phoebe Cates, American actress
- 1963 - Srečko Katanec, Slovenian footballer and coach
- 1963 - Fatboy Slim, English musician
- 1964 - Phil Hellmuth, American poker player
- 1964 - Miguel Induráin, Spanish cyclist
- 1967 - Will Ferrell, American comedian
- 1968 - Dhanraj Pillay, Indian field hockey player
- 1968 - Barry Sanders, American football player
- 1968 - Larry Sanger, American co-founder of Wikipedia
- 1971 - Corey Feldman, American actor
- 1976 - Anna Smashnova, Israeli tennis player
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Deaths
- 1324 - Emperor Go-Uda of Japan (b. 1267)
- 1342 - King Charles I of Hungary
- 1546 - Anne Askew, English protestant (burned at the stake) (b. 1521)
- 1557 - Anne of Cleves, queen of Henry VIII of England (b. 1515)
- 1630 - Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (b. 1562)
- 1647 - Masaniello, Italian rebel (b. 1622)
- 1664 - Andreas Gryphius, German writer (b. 1616)
- 1686 - John Pearson, English theologian (b. 1612)
- 1691 - François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, French war minister (b. 1641)
- 1729 - Johann David Heinichen, German composer (b. 1683)
- 1770 - Francis Cotes, English painter (b. 1726)
- 1796 - George Howard, British field marshal (b. 1718)
- 1882 - Mary Todd Lincoln, First Lady of the United States (b. 1818)
- 1916 - Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Russian microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1845)
- 1943 - Itzik Wittenberg, first commander of the United Partisan Organization in Vilna (b. 1909)
- 1949 - Vyacheslav Ivanov, Russian poet (b. 1866)
- 1953 - Hilaire Belloc, French writer and journalist (b. 1870)
- 1979 - Alfred Deller, English countertenor (b. 1912)
- 1981 - Harry Chapin, American singer and songwriter (b. 1942)
- 1985 - Heinrich Böll, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
- 1989 - Herbert von Karajan, Austrian conductor (b. 1908)
- 1991 - Robert Motherwell, American painter (b. 1915)
- 1991 - Frank Rizzo, Mayor of Philadelphia (b. 1920)
- 1994 - Julian Schwinger, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
- 1995 - Stephen Spender, British poet (b. 1909)
- 1996 - John Panozzo, Drummer of STYX (b. 1948)
- 1998 - John Henrik Clarke, American historian and scholar (b. 1915)
- 1999 - Carolyn Bessette Kennedy, wife of John F. Kennedy Jr. (plane crash) (b. 1966)
- 1999 - John F. Kennedy Jr., American publisher (plane crash) (b. 1960)
- 2002 - John Cocke, American computer scientist (b. 1925)
- 2003 - Celia Cruz, Cuban musician (b. 1924)
- 2003 - Carol Shields, Canadian author (b. 1935)
- 2005 - Pietro Consagra, Italian sculptor (b. 1920)
- 2005 - Prince Gu of Korea (b. 1931)
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Holidays and observances
- Botswana - President's Day (2nd day)
- Catholic - Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel
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External links
July 15 - July 17 - June 16 - August 16 -- listing of all days
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