Human Development Index

Image:HDImap current.png

The UN Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of poverty, literacy, education, life expectancy, childbirth, and other factors for countries worldwide. It is a standard means of measuring well-being, especially child welfare. The index was developed in 1990 by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, and has been used since 1993 by the United Nations Development Programme in its annual report.

The HDI measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development:

• A long and healthy life, as measured by life expectancy at birth.
• Knowledge, as measured by the adult literacy rate (with two-thirds weight) and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary gross enrollment ratio (with one-third weight).
• A decent standard of living, as measured by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) in USD.

Each year, UN member states are listed and ranked according to these measures. Those high on the list often advertise it, as a means of attracting talented immigrants (economically, individual capital) or discouraging emigration.

Contents 1 Method used to calculate the Human Development Index 2 2005 report 2.1 Top thirty countries 2.2 Bottom ten countries 2.3 Top/bottom three countries by region 3 Past top countries 4 Countries not included 5 See also 6 External links

Method used to calculate the Human Development Index

The Human Development Index (HDI) represents the average of the following three indices:

• Life Expectancy Index = <math>\frac{LE - 25} {85 - 25}</math>

• Education Index = <math>\frac{2} {3} \times ALI + \frac{1} {3} \times GEI</math>

• Adult Literacy Index (ALI) = <math>\frac{ALR - 0} {100 - 0}</math>

• Gross Enrollment Index (GEI) = <math>\frac{CGER - 0} {100 - 0}</math>

• GDP Index = <math>\frac{\log(GDPpc) - \log(100)} {\log(40000) - \log(100)}</math>

LE: Life expectancy
ALR: Adult literacy rate
CGER: Combined gross enrollment ratio
GDPpc: GDP per capita at PPP in USD

2005 report

The report for 2005 shows that, in general, the HDI for countries around the world is improving, with two major exceptions: Sub-Saharan Africa and Post-Soviet states, both of which showed steady decline. HIV/AIDS is seen as the principal cause of the decline in the first group, while worsening education, economies, and mortality rates caused declines in the HDIs amongst the latter group.

Most of the data used for the 2005 report, indicating country HDIs for 2003, are derived largely from 2003 or earlier. The top ten countries are in Europe, North America, and Oceania. Conversely, all but two of the 32 countries exhibiting low human development are in Africa. However, not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics. Notable absences from the list include Afghanistan, Iraq, Liberia, North Korea, Serbia and Montenegro, and Somalia. While these countries are either unwilling or unable to provide data, they are generally considered countries of medium to low human development.

Note: Number in parentheses indicates change in rank since last report.

Top thirty countries

Image:Flag of Norway.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Norway}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) Image:Flag of Iceland.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Iceland}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 5) Image:Flag of Australia.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Australia}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) Image:Flag of Luxembourg.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Luxembourg}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 11) Image:Flag of Canada.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Canada}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1) Image:Flag of Sweden.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Sweden}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 4) Image:Flag of Switzerland.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Switzerland}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 4) Image:Flag of Ireland.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Ireland}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 2) Image:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Belgium}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 3) Image:Flag of the United States.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=United States}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 2)

Image:Flag of Japan.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Japan}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 2) Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Netherlands}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 7) Image:Flag of Finland.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Finland}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) Image:Flag of Denmark.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Denmark}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 3) Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=United Kingdom}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 3) Image:Flag of France.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=France}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) Image:Flag of Austria.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Austria}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 3) Image:Flag of Italy.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Italy}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 3) Image:Flag of New Zealand.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=New Zealand}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1) Image:Flag of Germany.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Germany}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1)

Image:Flag of Spain.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Spain}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1) Image:Flag of Hong Kong.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Hong Kong}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} SAR of China (↑ 1) Image:Flag of Israel.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Israel}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1) Image:Flag of Greece.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Greece}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) Image:Flag of Singapore.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Singapore}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) Image:Flag of Slovenia.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Slovenia}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 1) Image:Flag of Portugal.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Portugal}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1) Image:Flag of South Korea.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=South Korea}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) Image:Flag of Cyprus.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Cyprus}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 1) Image:Flag of Barbados.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Barbados}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1)

Bottom ten countries

Image:Flag of Mozambique.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Mozambique}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 3) Image:Flag of Burundi.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Burundi}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 4) Image:Flag of Ethiopia.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Ethiopia}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) Image:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Central African Republic}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 2) Image:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Guinea-Bissau}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) Image:Flag of Chad.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Chad}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 6) Image:Flag of Mali.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Mali}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) Image:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Burkina Faso}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) Image:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Sierra Leone}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 1) Image:Flag of Niger.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Niger}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1)

Top/bottom three countries by region

Africa 51. Image:Flag of the Seychelles.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Seychelles}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 16) 58. Image:Flag of Libya.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Libya}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) 65. Image:Flag of Mauritius.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Mauritius}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1) ... 175. Image:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Burkina Faso}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) 176. Image:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Sierra Leone}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 1) 177. Image:Flag of Niger.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Niger}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1)	Asia 11. Image:Flag of Japan.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Japan}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 2) 22. Image:Flag of Hong Kong.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Hong Kong}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} SAR of China (↑ 1) 23. Image:Flag of Israel.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Israel}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1) ... 139. Image:Flag of Bangladesh.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Bangladesh}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1) 140. Image:Flag of East Timor.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=East Timor}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 18) 151. Image:Flag of Yemen.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Yemen}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 2)	Europe 1. Image:Flag of Norway.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Norway}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) 2. Image:Flag of Iceland.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Iceland}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 5) 4. Image:Flag of Luxembourg.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Luxembourg}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 11) ... 100. Image:Flag of Georgia.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Georgia}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 3) 101. Image:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Azerbaijan}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 10) 115. Image:Flag of Moldova.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Moldova}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 2)
North America 5. Image:Flag of Canada.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Canada}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1) 10. Image:Flag of the United States.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=United States}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 2) 30. Image:Flag of Barbados.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Barbados}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1) ... 116. Image:Flag of Honduras.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Honduras}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1) 117. Image:Flag of Guatemala.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Guatemala}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 4) 153. Image:Flag of Haiti.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Haiti}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=)	Oceania 3. Image:Flag of Australia.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Australia}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) 19. Image:Flag of New Zealand.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=New Zealand}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 1) 54. Image:Flag of Tonga.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Tonga}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 9) ... 118. Image:Flag of Vanuatu.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Vanuatu}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 11) 128. Image:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Solomon Islands}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 4) 137. Image:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Papua New Guinea}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 4)	South America 34. Image:Flag of Argentina.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Argentina}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) 37. Image:Flag of Chile.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Chile}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 6) 46. Image:Flag of Uruguay.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Uruguay}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (=) ... 88. Image:Flag of Paraguay.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Paraguay}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 1) 107. Image:Flag of Guyana.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Guyana}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↓ 3) 113. Image:Flag of Bolivia.svg {{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then={{{name}}}|else=Bolivia}}}|name={{{name|}}}}} (↑ 1)

Past top countries

The number one ranked country in each year of the index.

2004 – Norway 2003 – Norway 2002 – Norway 2001 – Norway 2000 – Canada 1999 – Canada

1998 – Canada 1997 – Canada 1996 – Canada 1995 – Canada 1994 – Canada 1993 – Japan

1992 – Canada 1991 – Japan 1990 – Canada 1985 – Canada 1980 – Switzerland

Countries not included

The following countries are not ranked in the 2005 Human Development Index.

Africa Liberia Somalia

Asia Afghanistan North Korea Iraq Taiwan *

Europe Andorra Liechtenstein Monaco San Marino Vatican City Serbia and Montenegro

Oceania Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru Palau Tuvalu

* The Republic of China (Taiwan) has calculated its HDI to be 0.910 for 2003 based on the following data: life expectancy of 76.1 years, adult literacy rate of 97.0%, combined enrollment rate of 97%, and GDP per capita (PPP) of US$23,911. If included among UN HDI figures, Taiwan would rank 25th: behind Greece and in front of Singapore. [1]

See also

• Freedom House
• List of countries by Human Development Index
• United Nations
• Gini coefficient
• List of countries by income equality
• Physical quality-of-life index
• List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita

External links

• Human Development Report Office
• 2005 UN Human Development Index Report (PDF)bg:Индекс на човешко развитие

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